Like all disorders, pica sometimes chooses its victims. Some individuals are more likely than others to contract it.
Listed below are the people who tend to be the most prone to developing pica. If you’re on the list, don’t panic–it’s not guaranteed that you’ll get it.
1. Pregnant women
Giving birth or being placed in really stressful situations can cause pica. Bonus points if the diet doesn’t provide all the necessary nutrients the woman needs.
2. People with mental disorders
Mental disorders are defined by Wikipedia as psychological or behavioral patterns associated with distress or disability that occur in individuals and are not a part of normal development or culture. Examples of mental disorders are hysteria, specific phobias, schizophrenia, and Bipolar disorder. Pica is actually closely related because of its psychological roots: it manifests as a compulsive urge to ingest non-food items.
3. People with developmental disabilities or similar impairments
These people are the most-often contractors of pica. Statistically speaking, studies have shown that about 1% of people with mild mental retardation and 5% with profound mental retardation have pica. In institutional settings, the percentage may go up to 30%. Check this out for more info.
4. People born into a culture where pica is encouraged
The picture above shows two Mardudjara Aborigines, who live around Lake Disappointment in Australia. Among the notable characteristics of their tribe is their barbaric circumcision ritual where the circumcised male has to swallow his own foreskin. Since, from a certain viewpoint, the male is engaging in self-cannibalism, the Mardudjara are an example of a tribe where “pica” is a norm. Any male born into this tribe has to comply with the ritual. Technically, however this is not medically classified as pica due to its cultural roots.